France

Conditional

Issuer: Local prefecture / property owner (for organized or commercial shoots)

Cost: Varies; personal photography needs no permit

Ordinary personal street photography generally needs no film permit. Organized commercial shoots, drones, and work on managed sites may need authorization. France's privacy and image-rights rules make publication context important, especially when a recognizable person is the subject or the use is commercial.

Regulated by the DGAC under EU drone rules; registration and zones apply

Open-category flights over public space in urban areas are prohibited, and restricted zones may require specific authorization. Check the current DGAC guidance and Géoportail map before flying.

Permitted to photograph in public, but publication is constrained by image and privacy rights

Ordinary photography from public space generally does not require a permit, but privacy, dignity, context, and the intended publication can change the analysis for an identifiable person.

Restricted

France has a limited freedom of panorama: a 2016 exception covers non-commercial use by individuals, but commercial sale of images of copyrighted modern buildings/artworks (e.g. the Louvre Pyramid, the Eiffel Tower lit at night) can require permission.